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Claims

As of snapshot 27745 under ledger-default@0.3.0.

ClaimTypeAssessmentScoreReview checksReferences
Canada's defence budget is $29 billion and the U.S. defence budget is $886 billion. COMPARATIVE Contradicted 0.1375 0 of 4 157
The United States has more than 90 naval ships. QUANTITATIVE Contradicted 0.0448 0 of 4 147
Canada has 88 naval ships. QUANTITATIVE Contradicted 0.1780 0 of 4 136
The United States has more than 1,800 fighter jets. QUANTITATIVE Leans supported 0.6128 0 of 4 151
The United States has 1,328,000 active military personnel. QUANTITATIVE Leans supported 0.6128 0 of 4 150
Canada has 68,000 active military personnel. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8220 0 of 4 158
Canada has a contingency plan for the remote possibility of U.S. military action. HISTORICAL Supported 0.9015 0 of 4 163
Across 15 globally analyzed subduction zones, geodetically constrained interface coupling showed a strong positive relationship with maximum earthquake magnitude/potential, while observed interface roughness at 1–10 km scales was unrelated to maximum magnitude or coupling. COMPARATIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 91
AGENT used Bayesian optimization to identify solid-state formulations of mRNA vaccines in two clinically relevant LNP compositions representative of Moderna SM-102 and Pfizer-BioNTech ALC-0315; after more than two months at 37 °C they retained 100% bioactivity, and in rodents and non-human primates produced antigen-specific responses non-inferior to freshly prepared soluble vaccines delivered intramuscularly. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9975 1 of 4 75
In a randomized noninferiority evaluation of 355 retrospectively collected oncology charts from patients with non-small-cell lung or colorectal cancer, mean chart-review time as a secondary efficiency endpoint was similar for Human+AI and Human-alone prescreening (37.4 versus 37.8 minutes). QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 90
In HEK293T reporter assays using BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 UTR/ORF constructs, N1-methylpseudouridine-associated +1 frameshifting at UUUC motifs was suppressed or abolished by synonymous UUCC substitution in vitro and in cells. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9975 1 of 4 91
In the palsa permafrost soil under anoxic conditions, inoculation with its own active-layer community, compared with the control, quintupled cumulative methane production over six months and increased cumulative estimated warming potential by 35%, using GWP100 for non-fossil methane. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 89
In bulk UTe2 crystals in the intermediate regime between two superconducting phases, direct-current pulses can switch between metastable high- and low-critical-current states, with the high-Jc state persisting for hours; gradual current-ramp annealing restores the equilibrium low-Jc vortex state. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 83
The evidence concerns approximately the last 5,000–6,000 years and primarily summertime SST inferred from alkenone biomarkers, supplemented by planktonic-foraminifera and circulation proxies; the TraCE-21k comparison is a transient-model versus proxy comparison, not a direct instrumental SST validation. COMPARATIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 79
The opposing medial and lateral orbitofrontal signals were observed in six clinically implanted patients performing a specific six-second gamified approach–avoidance decision epoch; electrode placement was determined by clinical needs, so the result is task- and sample-specific rather than a population-wide localization claim. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 78
The yolk-sac-origin statement is atlas-based support from paired single-nuclei RNA/ATAC and spatial data collected across human cranial meningeal development at 6–21 post-conception weeks; it is not presented here as direct lineage tracing across all development. INTERPRETIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 89
The slow-cooled, olivine-rich, low-water-exposure characterization applies to high-elevation (>−2350 m) Margin-unit exposures explored by Perseverance; lower exposures near the Western fan and North Margin show reworking or water-rock interaction, so the result is not uniform across the unit. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 93
The interpretation comes from digital and microscopic analysis of 18 Mizyn ivory figurines; geometric ornamentation was documented on 11 of them, so the claim that natural ivory lines informed engraved compositions concerns many but not necessarily every figurine. INTERPRETIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 109
In a six-year northern New Mexico case study of a surface-active beetle community in a mixed-conifer forest, tree thinning followed by prescribed broadcast slash burning was associated with 21 common Coleoptera species increasing and 35 declining in the more open post-treatment sub-canopy environment; the counts concern this study population and treatment comparison, not beetles generally. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 90
The three approaches—improvement, enrichment, and fusion—are proposed methods for integrating text-based and satellite-derived conflict data, illustrated through case studies from Ukraine and Myanmar; the passage supports a broader violence-measurement agenda but does not by itself establish universal validation across conflicts. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 79
The GPN-Star state-of-the-art result is reported for a wide range of variant-effect prediction tasks in coding and non-coding regions of the human genome, using alignments spanning vertebrate, mammal, and primate evolutionary timescales; the abstract also reports task-dependent advantages and separate analyses for five model organisms. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 78
The study’s promoter results span HEK293 and Jurkat cell-line profiling, selected-promoter testing in primary human CD8-positive T cells, in-vitro NR4A2-subset characterization, and tumor-infiltrating engineered T cells in a melanoma xenograft model; these are experimental-system findings rather than clinical human evidence. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 87
The percentages describe genomic information availability for 4,224 species-level microbial clusters reconstructed from 820 reef-building coral samples across 99 Pacific reefs and 32 islands, including 645 clusters exclusive to Tara Pacific; the species denominator was defined using GTDB r207 and a 95% whole-genome ANI threshold. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9933 1 of 4 93
The claim concerns selected precolonial archaeological traditions and populations in the Brazilian Cerrado/eastern South America; the source reports coexistence of diversified and more complex food-production systems rather than a uniform practice across all societies or all periods. HISTORICAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 80
The reported 223/294 feasibility and 197/223 acceptance figures are outputs of a modeled three-node Earth–Apex–Moon logistics framework for a 10^8-tonne stress-test target; 88.3% is conditional on analytical feasibility, while separate regime frequencies use 500 accepted Latin-hypercube campaigns. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8022 1 of 4 78
As of the 2026 report, Bianfu Cave was described as a Denisovan locality second only to Denisova Cave in Siberia by abundance of known Denisovan remains, based on the specimens identified in this study; the reported Denisovan occupation extended to approximately 167–134 ka. HISTORICAL Supported 0.9963 1 of 4 89
The study evaluated AQAGC on a derived, standardized multi-scale attack-graph benchmark constructed from four named intrusion-detection datasets, with graph sizes of 50–5000 nodes; this describes a benchmark construction, not direct evaluation of raw datasets or all deployed networks. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9843 1 of 4 101
In a 1100-generation experiment on the marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri, gradual versus abrupt CO2 increases from 440 to 1000 ppm produced weaker phenotypic and genomic shifts that the authors judged closer to natural ocean conditions; the finding is specific to this experimental organism and design. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9963 1 of 4 90
The study analyzed direct plate-interface observations from 35 seismic-reflection profiles at 15 global subduction margins, measuring roughness over 1–10 km scales and comparing it with maximum observed earthquake size at sampled sites; the authors note that further 3D observations are needed before generalizing across all global subduction zones. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9970 1 of 4 80
The claim concerns additional analyses of individual academic scholars in China, using annual PM2.5 exposure whose study-period mean was 45.91; the reported work-hour, hospital-visit, and collaboration associations are not the primary publication-count outcome, and the full micro-level tracking data are not publicly available. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9734 1 of 4 74
The threshold findings came from a 39-day spring-2023 experiment using twelve 6-m³ mesocosms of temperate-eutrophic, diatom-dominated German North Sea water at Helgoland, contrasting immediate and delayed dilution; thresholds use measured post-mixing D7 alkalinity, and the study cautions that reduced-mixing deployment scenarios may have a more constrained safe operating space. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9955 1 of 4 95
The 2026 report screened more than 60,000 Bianfu Cave bone fragments, selected 76 for ZooMS and 17 for proteomics, and identified three Denisovan bone fragments from layers dated approximately 167–134 thousand years ago; proteomics also confirmed two excavated teeth as Denisovan, whereas endogenous ancient-DNA recovery from the three bones failed. HISTORICAL Supported 0.9955 1 of 4 83
From December 2020 to August 2023 in Connecticut, USA, this pilot randomized 35 of 65 methadone- or buprenorphine-prenatally-exposed infants younger than 48 hours; adherence was 84%, in-hospital retention 71.4%, and 14-day post-discharge retention 28.6%, while breastfeeding and stooling were exploratory outcomes. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9955 1 of 4 88
The atlas analyzed postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal-cortex tissue from 1,384 PsychAD donors passing genotype and snRNA-seq quality control, including 493 non-European-ancestry donors (35.6%) across ages 0–108; its 14,258 gene-regulation findings are eGenes detected through multi-resolution eQTL analysis, with detection varying by cell-type abundance and subclass sample size. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9955 1 of 4 92
The claim concerns holotype IMMNH-PV01700, a nearly complete but incomplete Early Cretaceous skeleton from Liaoning dated to approximately 120 million years ago; polyphyodonty is inferred from tooth replacement patterns, while semiaquatic locomotion is a comparative CVA inference based on 124 extant species and nine semiaquatic reference species. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9955 1 of 4 90
From April 2022 to March 2024, the stepped-wedge trial was conducted in 15 German Level I NICUs and consecutively enrolled very-low-birth-weight infants defined as under 1,500 g, excluding lethal malformations, palliative care, and external transfers; its no-difference findings for complications and length of stay were prespecified secondary outcomes rather than systematically collected harms, and their confidence intervals did not exclude clinically relevant differences. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9734 1 of 4 89
The 52% figure is adjusted observational effectiveness from a pooled test-negative case-control study of hospitalized acute-gastroenteritis children, using rotavirus-positive cases rather than a direct infection-prevention efficacy endpoint. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 90
The proliferative-cell result was a percentage measure obtained in vitro, so it is not a direct in-vivo neurogenesis measurement; the randomized sample comprised healthy middle-aged UK adults. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 94
The Bianfu Cave evidence concerns multiple Denisovan individuals identified by ancient-protein analysis from Late Pleistocene remains; the counted passage does not claim genomic sequencing or exact individual counts. HISTORICAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 86
The earnings comparison concerns graduates from Texas four-year universities whose education and workforce records were linked through Texas administrative agencies, rather than all Texas graduates or all workers. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8581 0 of 4 86
As of the 2026 study, HD 3167 b was the coldest among lava worlds with irradiation temperature Tirr ≳ 1500 K and evidence for an atmosphere; the evidence was an indirect thermal-emission inference, not a resolved atmospheric composition. COMPARATIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 79
The reported lattice-preservation result concerns nine-residue amphiphilic DILT-family peptide variants, with hydration and surface chemistry assessed using cryo-EM, molecular dynamics, and FTIR. COMPARATIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 87
The reported pregnant-mouse SK3 mechanism was tested primarily at gestational day 14 and used craving-like assays involving highly palatable diets, rather than a direct human food-craving measure. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 86
The AGENT framework used high-throughput experiments and Bayesian optimization to identify thermostable solid-state mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine formulations in six iterations over one month. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 125
In the Mississippi River Basin, agricultural liming acted as a net carbon sink over the past century relative to the study’s anthropogenic-acidity counterfactual. CAUSAL Leans supported 0.7991 1 of 4 142
Mid-gestation pregnancy in female mice was associated with region-specific remodeling of brain lipidome territories, especially in white matter and cortical layer 4. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 131
In an adult mouse brain atlas, spatial distributions of 172 measured lipids formed 539 lipidome-defined territories called lipizones. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 133
In pregnant female mice, increased SK3 activity in dorsal-raphe serotonin neurons reduced firing and promoted food-craving-like behavior; deleting SK3 reduced that behavior. CAUSAL Leans supported 0.6550 1 of 4 181
In mice and pigs with traumatic brain injury, dynamic compressive tibial axial loading promoted motor and cognitive recovery, and osteocyte Piezo1 was required for the benefit in mice. CAUSAL Leans supported 0.7651 1 of 4 147
Chemical dissociation of cytosolic myddosomes disrupted inflammatory activities of TLR-stimulated cells in vitro and in vivo. CAUSAL Leans supported 0.7651 1 of 4 156
TRAM-dependent long-lasting myddosome activity determines hours-long NF-κB activation and secondary response gene expression in the studied TLR pathways. CAUSAL Leans supported 0.7651 1 of 4 160
In macrophage models, TRAM regulates myddosome assembly by dissociating MyD88 from the TLR–TIRAP complex, enabling maturation of receptor-free cytosolic myddosomes and downstream signaling. CAUSAL Leans supported 0.6550 1 of 4 174
The study's GWAS, cell-interaction analyses, and mouse validation indicate that peripheral nerves fine-tune maxilla shape during embryonic development. CAUSAL Leans supported 0.6550 1 of 4 180
In the facial atlas, gene-expression associations with facial traits were strongest in early mesenchymal progenitor cells and became more region restricted over development. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 160
The study created a multimodal facial atlas across embryonic weeks 6–11 using single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, and spatial transcriptomics, and characterized 56 cell states. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 155
In the study's trisomy 21 samples, fibroblast chemokine expression was reduced while JAK–STAT signaling was enhanced. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 148
The meningeal atlas data support a yolk-sac origin for meningeal myeloid lineages, including perivascular macrophages described as primed for barrier immunity. INTERPRETIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 156
The study constructed a paired single-nuclei RNA and chromatin-accessibility atlas of human meningeal development from 6 to 21 postconception weeks across cranial regions, integrated with spatial transcriptomics. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 151
The study identifies three alteration episodes in the Jezero Margin unit: carbonate-rich ridge formation from CO2-rich fluids, later carbonate remobilization with silica precipitation, and late fluorite-bearing calcium-sulfate veins from fluids through younger fractures. HISTORICAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 148
Lower Jezero Margin-unit exposures show a complex history of water-rock interaction, unlike the high-elevation exposures described in the study. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 144
At elevations above approximately −2350 m, the Jezero Margin unit has texture and chemistry indicative of slowly cooled crystalline olivine-rich rock without significant water exposure. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 166
The Dewar-region evidence implies that the Moon had an internally generated magnetic field stronger than 10 μT around 4.2 billion years ago. QUANTITATIVE Leans supported 0.6035 1 of 4 193
Joint gravity and magnetic observations identify a roughly 60-km-wide, 9-km-deep dense, strongly magnetized body beneath the Moon’s Dewar region, interpreted as a buried volcanic complex. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9168 1 of 4 178
The Dongoconodon specimen preserved multiple tooth generations across incisors, canines, premolars and molars, described as the first mammal known to show repeated replacement across all four broad tooth categories. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9734 0 of 4 178
The study reports that Methanothermococcus okinawensis carbon and energy metabolism in the simulated system was fueled by abiotic H2 from mineral-water reactions. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 151
Transcriptomic analysis associated growth under extreme CO2 scarcity in the simulated Enceladus chemistry with overexpression of the reductive acetyl-CoA CO2-fixation pathway. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 144
In simulated Enceladus-like ocean chemistry, Methanothermococcus okinawensis grew at alkaline conditions up to pH 11, beyond its previously known pH limit. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 159
Dongoconodon platycauda had expanded feet resembling webbed platypus feet and a flattened tapering tail interpreted as adaptations for swimming and steering. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9734 0 of 4 176
Dongoconodon platycauda, an approximately 125-million-year-old Early Cretaceous mammal from China, is the earliest confirmed swimming mammal discovered to date. HISTORICAL Supported 0.8581 0 of 4 180
The 176Lu+ comparison became statistically limited after approximately 200 hours of averaging, with measurement instability of 4.8×10⁻¹⁶(τ/s)⁻¹ᐟ². QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 141
Direct correlation spectroscopy reported a relative frequency agreement of −2.4×10⁻¹⁹ with ±5.7×10⁻¹⁹ statistical and ±1.0×10⁻¹⁹ systematic uncertainties. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 140
Two independent 176Lu+ single-ion optical references were reported with total systematic uncertainties of 1.1×10⁻¹⁹ and 1.4×10⁻¹⁹, and 9.6×10⁻²⁰ for their difference. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 140
The study reported that mammalian cells can use S₈ to produce hydropersulfides that act as antioxidants. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9168 0 of 4 142
A 2026 study detected cyclooctasulfur (S₈) in both mouse and human cells, with high levels in mitochondria and lipid droplets. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9970 0 of 4 128
The report states that N-terminal sequence perturbations preserve the DILT hexagonal lattice while modulating pore hydration and surface chemistry. COMPARATIVE Supported 0.8581 0 of 4 153
Cryo-electron microscopy reportedly resolved DILT fibrils at 2.9–4.0 Å, with a repeating unit of 12 peptide chains and C6 symmetry. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 134
The DILT family of nine-residue amphiphilic peptides assembles into hexagonal nanofibrils with continuous approximately 5-nm solvent-accessible channels through cross-beta-dimer, trimeric-junction, and inversion motifs. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 0 of 4 120
Recalibrated radiocarbon dates reported by the study place the Mizyn figurines among Europe’s earliest anthropomorphic images after the Last Glacial Maximum and suggest an independent Palaeolithic stylistic phenomenon. HISTORICAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 142
The study reports that Palaeolithic artists used Schreger and Owen’s natural lines in mammoth ivory to inform geometric compositions engraved on many Mizyn figurines. INTERPRETIVE Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 180
A 2026 study used digital and microscopic analysis to examine 18 mammoth-ivory figurines from Mizyn, Ukraine. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 150
SAIL succeeded in five of six physical block-placement trials using a LeRobot SO-101 arm with a budget of 15 candidate trajectories. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9781 1 of 4 140
In simulation, SAIL increased average robot trajectory success from 25% with one generated trajectory to 73% when testing and refining up to 45 candidates, without updating model weights. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9781 1 of 4 155
Incendiamoeba cascadensis can remain active at temperatures up to 64°C. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9820 0 of 4 118
Incendiamoeba cascadensis can reproduce by cellular division at temperatures up to 63°C. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9820 0 of 4 128
The STEP analysis found no significant treatment-by-metabolic-syndrome interaction for cardiovascular or safety outcomes, although hypotension was numerically more frequent with intensive treatment in the highest tertile. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 163
Over a median 3.32-year follow-up, intensive systolic blood-pressure lowering was associated with lower primary cardiovascular-outcome risk than standard treatment across metabolic-syndrome tertiles; the largest reduction was in the middle tertile (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.99). QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 147
A post hoc STEP-trial analysis included 8,231 participants with complete metabolic-syndrome severity data and used an age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific scoring model. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 156
In the total randomized sample, 12-month symptom severity did not differ significantly between PROTECTtraining and PROTECTinfo, and secondary outcomes also did not differ significantly. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 117
Among 205 adolescents at high risk for gaming disorder or unspecified internet use disorder, PROTECTtraining had lower 12-month symptom severity than PROTECTinfo, with between-group Cohen’s d −0.30 (95% CI −0.55 to −0.05). QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 139
PROTECTconfirm randomized 1,793 students in 44 Baden-Württemberg secondary schools to four weekly 90-minute sessions of CBT-based PROTECTtraining or structurally parallel media-literacy PROTECTinfo. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 113
At post-intervention, One Step Back participants reported lower depression scores by 5.54 points and higher well-being by 4.53 points than active controls. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 138
At post-intervention, One Step Back participants had higher self-reported decentering than active controls by 4.16 points (95% CI 1.85–6.51; p=0.002; Cohen’s d=0.61). QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 135
In a two-arm randomized trial, a 5-week One Step Back psychological-decentering program was compared with an active physical-and-cognitive-exercise control among 114 UK secondary-school adolescents at risk of depression. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 132
When the ART system was placed into E. coli, its array split into distinct short RNAs. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 0 of 4 132
In published data from a jumbo phage infecting Staphylococcus bacteria, RNA from an ART array accounted for as much as 8% of the virus’s RNA. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.8808 1 of 4 134
The University of Arizona report says researchers manually searched publicly available JWST spectra from hundreds of galaxies and identified three with absorption patterns indicating carbon, oxygen and silicon. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.9734 0 of 4 147
The study’s joint H2O and CO2 constraints favored near-equilibrium chemistry, approximately 10× solar metallicity, and a 3-sigma upper limit of C/O below 0.52. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9955 1 of 4 161
The study reported tentative retrieval evidence for H2S in HAT-P-1 b’s atmosphere, with log10 Bayes factor 1.4. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9993 1 of 4 162
The study reported strong retrieval evidence for H2O and CO2 in HAT-P-1 b’s atmosphere, with log10 Bayes factors of 8.9 and 52.3, respectively. QUANTITATIVE Supported 0.9955 1 of 4 158
Across four widespread permafrost soil types over 389 days, realistic active-layer inocula increased CO2 or N2O production less than a diverse multifunctional microbial community and did so inconsistently. OBSERVATIONAL Supported 0.8581 1 of 4 131