Evidence item

The observational design cannot establish causality, and controls may include undisclosed victim-survivors. DIRECT_TEXT

Authenticity UNVERIFIED · extraction UNVERIFIED · independence group none (unreviewed) · created seq 26021

Source: Banking records reveal characteristics of financial abuse · locator {} · excerpt hash sha256:720319bfc6438861bc3abed29690d4d93181f5e01b1ead2bcd26f093ad0697f1

Exact excerpt

Our methodological approach does not allow us to establish causality between financial abuse and observed outcomes. ... the control group may also include victim-survivors who did not disclose.

Linked claims

Claim	Direction	Relevance	Steps	Counted
5b9ae831	QUALIFY	DIRECT	0	yes

Audits

None.