Evidence item

A 2026 empirical study found poorer route and survey knowledge among some habitual navigation-system users, supporting the claim’s direction but narrowing it to map-based or mobile-map strategies rather than Waze users universally. DIRECT_TEXT

Authenticity UNVERIFIED · extraction UNVERIFIED · independence group none (unreviewed) · created seq 12509

Source: Habitual Use of Navigation Systems Impairs Spatial Learning Depending on Navigation Strategy · locator {} · excerpt hash sha256:774e6066e6c11c51363eec3a16f53de3bf526511a4b6602af858f000d39b3c3b

We found that greater habitual use of navigation systems was associated with worse route knowledge acquisition, but only for participants who relied on a map-based navigation strategy. Greater habitual use of navigation systems was also linked to worse survey knowledge acquisition, but only for mobile map-assisted navigators.