Evidence item

The primary abstract directly reports the mapped depth change, total displaced volume, and collapse-attributed volume. MEASUREMENT

Authenticity UNVERIFIED · extraction UNVERIFIED · independence group none (unreviewed) · created seq 20227

Source: Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga) · locator {} · excerpt hash sha256:ad425cfb99b7f9ce3ee6d3076f25b6fd9918e2e304a2ca45e584e583a1ffabeb

Exact excerpt

From repeat high-resolution seafloor mapping we find that the caldera deepened from ~150 m to ~850 m, with its structural caldera floor ~150 m below infill, and marginally widened from ~4.5 to 4.8 km in diameter. The total displaced volume is 8.9 ± 0.1 km3. Of this, 6.85 ± 0.05 km3 is attributed to caldera collapse, with the remainder due to surface erosion by eruption-fed density currents. Our post-eruption bathymetry also revealed landslide deposits intercalated with pyroclastic infill, implying syn-eruptive caldera collapse... The magnitude of the resulting tsunami was probably enhanced by the speed and style of caldera formation.

Linked claims

Claim	Direction	Relevance	Steps	Counted
a09bcdbb	SUPPORT	DIRECT	0	yes

Audits

None.