Evidence item

The bounds apply to a broad class of Markovian many-body open quantum systems of N qubits described by a Lindblad master equation with a positive-semidefinite decoherence matrix. The relative fluctuation Δ of the dominant eigenvector quantifies spatial uniformity; the delocalized-decay regime is defined by Δ=O(1), with translationally invariant systems having Δ=0. In that regime the bounds are tight up to constant factors and, taking Δ=O(1), yield R_star ~ N Gamma_max. The paper explicitly states this scaling is not true for arbitrary systems and that no general scaling law depends only on N and the spectrum of Gamma. For large atomic arrays, finite-size behavior also depends on lattice constant and array size.