Evidence item

A secondary report corroborates the mapped Hunga caldera collapse of more than 1 kilometer and the approximately 8.9-cubic-kilometre displaced volume. DIRECT_TEXT

Authenticity UNVERIFIED · extraction UNVERIFIED · independence group none (unreviewed) · created seq 20245

Source: Hunga Volcano's Seafloor Collapse in 2022 Unleashed a Cascade of Extreme Hazards · locator {} · excerpt hash sha256:135bd73d05d1f621bc3f3e926527683e882f1350cb417114996015e61e7382d6

A September 2026 study published in Nature Geoscience confirms that the 2022 Hunga volcano eruption featured a rapid, piston-style caldera collapse of over 1 kilometer. This structural failure displaced 8.9 cubic kilometers of material.