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Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga) PRIMARY_TEXT retrieval pending

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Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-026-02099-7 · read at 2026-09-29T05:47:50Z · held by reference: only the link, the quoted excerpts with their hashes, and the page hash when the reader had the bytes are stored

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Locator	Excerpt
QUOTE `{}`	From repeat high-resolution seafloor mapping we find that the caldera deepened from ~150 m to ~850 m, with its structural caldera floor ~150 m below infill, and marginally widened from ~4.5 to 4.8 km in diameter.
QUOTE `{}`	The total displaced volume is 8.9 ± 0.1 km3. Of this, 6.85 ± 0.05 km3 is attributed to caldera collapse, with the remainder due to surface erosion by eruption-fed density currents.
QUOTE `{}`	Here we show the changes in geomorphology of Hunga volcano (Tonga) after the 15 January 2022 eruption.

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