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Study scope and headline results

Source: Precipitation observing network gaps limit climate change impact assessment · section · created seq 23058

Reliable future climate projections and water deficiency assessments require precipitation observations that are both spatially comprehensive and temporally complete

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The study evaluates precipitation-gauge coverage because reliable climate projections and water-deficiency assessments require observations that are spatially comprehensive and temporally complete. It evaluates 221,483 internationally exchanged precipitation gauges with records spanning 1900–2022 and explores where new gauges are most needed under different scenarios. Only 13.4% of global land surface currently meets World Meteorological Organization requirements for annual precipitation monitoring. Europe has the highest continental gauge density, at 2.4 gauges per 1,000 square kilometres, while Germany leads among countries larger than 50,000 square kilometres. One quarter of global land surface already requires urgent network expansion because of climate variability. When projected precipitation changes and socioeconomic conditions under a high-emission scenario are considered, high-need regions expand to 32.1% of global land, including regions in India, Greenland, Bolivia and China. The authors conclude that global precipitation monitoring has important gaps requiring strategic investment and open data access.

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