Claim

In the study’s analyses, higher PM2.5 pollution was associated with reduced academic working hours, increased hospital visits and fewer scholarly collaborations.

Type OBSERVATIONAL · truth-evaluable: yes · status at snapshot: ACTIVE · created seq 19610

a conjunction joins clauses that may be separately evaluablea comma-separated series may list several propositions

Referenced 127 times: checked 1, looked up by assistants 1, viewed 104, shared 21. A count of attention, not evidence.

Topics

Climate · 1efd24fe Employment · 1efd24fe

Assessment

Supported

Score: 0.8581 under ledger-default@0.3.0 at snapshot 27745

2 of 4 review checks done · 1 counted · 1 by the author only

1 independent evidence lineage · review checks 1 of 4 · stability MEDIUM

Main unresolved issue: 6 counted evidence items have no independence review; repeats of one origin may be counted as several coverage:48f68f84-15f6-86ec-a8c3-2e0976fdaebd

Not yet independently audited.Evidence reviewed so far supports this claim, but only 1 of 4 review checks has been done.Every quoted passage was confirmed on the page when Galedra fetched it.

Related: NARROWS incoming: Supported

Why?

Strongest counted support: The primary study reports additional analyses linking pollution with work hours, hospital visits and collaborations. weight 1.800000 evidence

Suppressed as dependent: The quoted passage directly reports higher pollution reducing academic work hours, increasing hospital visits, and hindering scholarly collaborations.

Review gaps: qualifiers reviewed, opposing search done, independence reviewed

What would most change this: One independent, direct measurement that contradicts this claim would move it from Supported to Unresolved.

Hide calculation

0.8581 under ledger-default@0.3.0 at snapshot 27745 · state Supported · Review checks: 1 of 4 · stability MEDIUM · 6 sources, 1 independent lineage

Model ledger-default@0.3.0 (the default model, not the answer) · snapshot 27745 · trace sha256:1b70fb0b3211b4e5c5c4198baa02c80b246aee29a6c61159c87782cbcbd6738f

Last changed at entry seq 25503; nothing logged since has borne on this claim.

How the number was reached

Each counted link is weighed by multiplying the factors the model declares; a factor it does not declare is not shown. Every factor name below links to what that number means.

Link	Working	Weight	Counted as
f456c33d qualify	relevance DIRECT 2.0 × observation DIRECT_TEXT 0.9 × interpretation 0 steps, 1 − 0.15 × 0 1.000000 × authenticity UNVERIFIED 1.0 × extraction UNVERIFIED 1.0 × provenance INDEPENDENT 1.0 × edition NAMED_OR_UNRELATED 1	1.800000	0.000000 (non directional)
4724777c qualify	relevance DIRECT 2.0 × observation DIRECT_TEXT 0.9 × interpretation 0 steps, 1 − 0.15 × 0 1.000000 × authenticity UNVERIFIED 1.0 × extraction UNVERIFIED 1.0 × provenance INDEPENDENT 1.0 × edition NAMED_OR_UNRELATED 1	1.800000	0.000000 (non directional)
b62f1755 qualify	relevance DIRECT 2.0 × observation MEASUREMENT 1.0 × interpretation 0 steps, 1 − 0.15 × 0 1.000000 × authenticity UNVERIFIED 1.0 × extraction UNVERIFIED 1.0 × provenance INDEPENDENT 1.0 × edition NAMED_OR_UNRELATED 1	2.000000	0.000000 (non directional)
5215e7ab support	relevance DIRECT 2.0 × observation DIRECT_TEXT 0.9 × interpretation 0 steps, 1 − 0.15 × 0 1.000000 × authenticity UNVERIFIED 1.0 × extraction UNVERIFIED 1.0 × provenance INDEPENDENT 1.0 × edition NAMED_OR_UNRELATED 1	1.800000	0.000000 (dependent strongest only, kept c78a50c9)
c78a50c9 support	relevance DIRECT 2.0 × observation DIRECT_TEXT 0.9 × interpretation 0 steps, 1 − 0.15 × 0 1.000000 × authenticity UNVERIFIED 1.0 × extraction UNVERIFIED 1.0 × provenance INDEPENDENT 1.0 × edition NAMED_OR_UNRELATED 1	1.800000	1.800000
9044b4c9 qualify	relevance DIRECT 2.0 × observation DIRECT_TEXT 0.9 × interpretation 0 steps, 1 − 0.15 × 0 1.000000 × authenticity UNVERIFIED 1.0 × extraction UNVERIFIED 1.0 × provenance INDEPENDENT 1.0 × edition NAMED_OR_UNRELATED 1	1.800000	0.000000 (non directional)

prior 0.50 → log-odds 0.000000 + 1.800000 (the counted weights) = 1.800000 → probability 0.8581

Under neighbouring settings of the same model: 0.7790 to 0.9121, a spread of 0.1331.

Half-even rounding, six places for weights and four for the probability. The same inputs under the same model reproduce this exactly; that is what the trace hash above is for. How a score is worked out explains every factor, why it is there, and what the model sets it to.

Your view

Registered views

Nobody has registered a view yet.

Registered views are personal belief, not evidence: they never change Galedra's assessment. Affiliations are self-declared and shown only for groups of 5 or more.

Checked as part of

Statements this claim was broken out of. The claim is scored on its own; a statement's reading only counts its claims.

“A 2026 Nature Human Behaviour study used an instrumental-variable design to estimate effects of PM2.5 air pollution on academic productivity in China.” · 3 claims · 29 September 2026

Evidence for

The primary study reports additional analyses linking pollution with work hours, hospital visits and collaborations.

From Impacts of PM2.5 air pollution on high-skilled worker productivity in China Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

Primary mechanism analyses.
The quoted passage directly reports higher pollution reducing academic work hours, increasing hospital visits, and hindering scholarly collaborations.

From Impacts of PM2.5 air pollution on high-skilled worker productivity in China Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

The excerpt states all three reported associations.

Evidence against

None.

Qualifications

The study population was individual academic scholars in China, not an unrestricted high-skilled-worker population.

From Impacts of PM2.5 air pollution on high-skilled worker productivity in China Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

Limits population and jurisdiction.
The exposure was annual PM2.5 concentration, with a reported study-period mean of 45.91.

From Impacts of PM2.5 air pollution on high-skilled worker productivity in China Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

Adds annual exposure metric and study-period mean.
Work hours, hospital visits, and collaborations were reported as further analyses alongside the primary publication outcome.

From Impacts of PM2.5 air pollution on high-skilled worker productivity in China Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

Clarifies that the three outcomes were further analyses.
Full micro-level tracking and longitudinal publication data were not publicly available because of privacy and proprietary constraints.

From Impacts of PM2.5 air pollution on high-skilled worker productivity in China Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

Adds data-access and micro-level sampling limitation.

Suppressed as dependent

Evidence	Group	Kept instead
d9d13a03		c78a50c9

Inferences

Concluded from

None.

Used as a premise in

None.

An inference is interpretation, not evidence: it never changes the assessment of its conclusion. Each premise is a claim with its own evidence.

Threads

None. Threads are for disagreements about how a determination was made — a statement whose figures are not in the passage it rests on, two sources that may share an origin. Something about the world belongs in the evidence above.

Claim edges

From	Relationship	To
b2f67f06	NARROWS	76fdaebd

Review checklist

Review checks: 1 of 4

2 checks by this claim's own author, alongside the independent review above. 1 QUALIFIER CHECK · 1 EVIDENCE VERIFICATION. A check by the person who recorded a claim does not raise its review coverage.

Check	Done	By
qualifiers reviewed	no
opposing search done	no
independence reviewed	no
primary source reviewed	yes	f456c33d, 4724777c, b62f1755, 5215e7ab, c78a50c9, 9044b4c9

Summary

Supported. The main support is: The primary study reports additional analyses linking pollution with work hours, hospital visits and collaborations. 9049659b

1 further item repeats the same origin and is not independent evidence. d9d13a03

Qualifier: The study population was individual academic scholars in China, not an unrestricted high-skilled-worker population. a8fd5657

Qualifier: Full micro-level tracking and longitudinal publication data were not publicly available because of privacy and proprietary constraints. be99431e

Qualifier: The exposure was annual PM2.5 concentration, with a reported study-period mean of 45.91. 90c15e59

Qualifier: Work hours, hospital visits, and collaborations were reported as further analyses alongside the primary publication outcome. ad192ce9

Generated by stub-v0.1; every sentence cites graph ids.

Contribution history

seq	event	detail
19610	APPENDED
19611	ACCEPT	AUTOMATIC_AFTER_VALIDATION
19626	LINK_EVIDENCE	by 1efd24fe (accepted)
24489	TASK_RESULT	by 1efd24fe (accepted)
25502	TASK_RESULT	by 1efd24fe (accepted)

Score trace

{
  "claim": "48f68f84-15f6-86ec-a8c3-2e0976fdaebd",
  "links": [
    {
      "link": "02ae92fa-36b1-8389-8813-97e8f456c33d",
      "group": null,
      "reason": "non_directional",
      "edition": "NAMED_OR_UNRELATED",
      "evidence": "5f129ed7-4f58-8a82-9171-bbbfa8fd5657",
      "direction": "QUALIFY",
      "magnitude": "1.800000",
      "relevance": "DIRECT",
      "extraction": "UNVERIFIED",
      "provenance": "INDEPENDENT",
      "observation": "DIRECT_TEXT",
      "source_type": "PRIMARY_TEXT",
      "authenticity": "UNVERIFIED",
      "audit_confirmed": false,
      "effective_weight": "0.000000",
      "interpretive_steps": 0
    },
    {
      "link": "1ec87a71-3101-8727-aaab-fe024724777c",
      "group": null,
      "reason": "non_directional",
      "edition": "NAMED_OR_UNRELATED",
      "evidence": "cbc9d3f7-567d-8ac7-84f4-a932be99431e",
      "direction": "QUALIFY",
      "magnitude": "1.800000",
      "relevance": "DIRECT",
      "extraction": "UNVERIFIED",
      "provenance": "INDEPENDENT",
      "observation": "DIRECT_TEXT",
      "source_type": "PRIMARY_TEXT",
      "authenticity": "UNVERIFIED",
      "audit_confirmed": false,
      "effective_weight": "0.000000",
      "interpretive_steps": 0
    },
    {
      "link": "2e4ba579-73ec-81bf-aac8-642fb62f1755",
      "group": null,
      "reason": "non_directional",
      "edition": "NAMED_OR_UNRELATED",
      "evidence": "37affd96-6780-84db-8f4d-4af690c15e59",
      "direction": "QUALIFY",
      "magnitude": "2.000000",
      "relevance": "DIRECT",
      "extraction": "UNVERIFIED",
      "provenance": "INDEPENDENT",
      "observation": "MEASUREMENT",
      "source_type": "PRIMARY_TEXT",
      "authenticity": "UNVERIFIED",
      "audit_confirmed": false,
      "effective_weight": "0.000000",
      "interpretive_steps": 0
    },
    {
      "kept": "c7fbaa18-8c6b-8b51-bb02-941dc78a50c9",
      "link": "9af366b6-1a9c-82a9-b21d-cf625215e7ab",
      "group": null,
      "reason": "dependent_strongest_only",
      "edition": "NAMED_OR_UNRELATED",
      "evidence": "ca711837-439d-8288-8efe-63c8d9d13a03",
      "direction": "SUPPORT",
      "magnitude": "1.800000",
      "relevance": "DIRECT",
      "extraction": "UNVERIFIED",
      "provenance": "INDEPENDENT",
      "observation": "DIRECT_TEXT",
      "source_type": "PRIMARY_TEXT",
      "authenticity": "UNVERIFIED",
      "audit_confirmed": false,
      "effective_weight": "0.000000",
      "interpretive_steps": 0
    },
    {
      "link": "c7fbaa18-8c6b-8b51-bb02-941dc78a50c9",
      "group": null,
      "edition": "NAMED_OR_UNRELATED",
      "evidence": "f0f8a5b5-5b8e-871e-84dc-3a909049659b",
      "direction": "SUPPORT",
      "magnitude": "1.800000",
      "relevance": "DIRECT",
      "extraction": "UNVERIFIED",
      "provenance": "INDEPENDENT",
      "observation": "DIRECT_TEXT",
      "source_type": "PRIMARY_TEXT",
      "authenticity": "UNVERIFIED",
      "audit_confirmed": false,
      "effective_weight": "1.800000",
      "interpretive_steps": 0
    },
    {
      "link": "e78f7d51-d2ce-873d-a0d7-026a9044b4c9",
      "group": null,
      "reason": "non_directional",
      "edition": "NAMED_OR_UNRELATED",
      "evidence": "a5e828b7-bd91-8618-90a3-909cad192ce9",
      "direction": "QUALIFY",
      "magnitude": "1.800000",
      "relevance": "DIRECT",
      "extraction": "UNVERIFIED",
      "provenance": "INDEPENDENT",
      "observation": "DIRECT_TEXT",
      "source_type": "PRIMARY_TEXT",
      "authenticity": "UNVERIFIED",
      "audit_confirmed": false,
      "effective_weight": "0.000000",
      "interpretive_steps": 0
    }
  ],
  "model": "ledger-default@0.3.0",
  "prior": "0.50",
  "variants": {
    "spread": "0.1331",
    "permissive": "0.9121",
    "conservative": "0.7790"
  },
  "code_hash": "sha256:c61a6fdf35a754a0d7e958df149036a083c0eaeb7d2d2e52704ec32b0c36def7",
  "contested": false,
  "stability": "MEDIUM",
  "claim_type": "OBSERVATIONAL",
  "config_hash": "sha256:86768038080b8ab5233f1e4b7aba10af05b5bb44caa432095150b90e81209809",
  "probability": "0.8581",
  "provisional": true,
  "evidence_sum": "1.800000",
  "snapshot_seq": 25503,
  "prior_log_odds": "0.000000",
  "support_groups": 1,
  "model_dependent": false,
  "review_coverage": "0.25",
  "truth_evaluable": true,
  "assessment_state": "SUPPORTED",
  "review_checklist": {
    "qualifiers_reviewed": {
      "by": [],
      "ok": false
    },
    "opposing_search_done": {
      "by": [],
      "ok": false
    },
    "independence_reviewed": {
      "by": [],
      "ok": false
    },
    "primary_source_reviewed": {
      "by": [
        "02ae92fa-36b1-8389-8813-97e8f456c33d",
        "1ec87a71-3101-8727-aaab-fe024724777c",
        "2e4ba579-73ec-81bf-aac8-642fb62f1755",
        "9af366b6-1a9c-82a9-b21d-cf625215e7ab",
        "c7fbaa18-8c6b-8b51-bb02-941dc78a50c9",
        "e78f7d51-d2ce-873d-a0d7-026a9044b4c9"
      ],
      "ok": true
    }
  },
  "contradict_groups": 0,
  "rounding_boundary": false,
  "posterior_log_odds": "1.800000",
  "not_applicable_reason": null,
  "independence_unreviewed": 6
}