Outlines › Paper2Agent framework, validation and scale › Large-scale evaluation

Large-scale evaluation

Source: Reimagining research papers as interactive and reliable AI agents · section · created seq 22830

To test scalability, we processed three heterogeneous paper corpora end-to-end without manual cleanup, code modification or intervention

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Score: 0.6789 under ledger-default@0.3.0 at snapshot 27745, the average of 4 of 4 checkable claims' scores

Review 75% done · 25% counted in review coverage · 50% by the claims' own author only (4 claims, 16 checks)

4 claims · 4 checkable · 1 supported · 3 leans supported

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Progress of the whole outline: 3 of 3 leaves extracted · 6 of 6 claims with evidence · 18 open tasks.

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The authors evaluated Paper2Agent on three corpora: 100 computational-biology papers, 26 data- and discovery-focused papers, and 10 non-biology computational papers spanning AI, statistics, econometrics, game theory and astrophysics. Among the 100 computational-biology papers, 74 were successfully agentified, yielding 599 proposed tools, of which 593 passed automated validation. Failure modes included missing executable code, missing data or model artefacts, environment or dependency failures and non-generalizable scripts. On 300 tutorial-derived benchmark questions, Paper2Agent with Sonnet 4 achieved 91.2 ± 1.6% accuracy, compared with 80.3 ± 2.3% for Claude Code with direct repository access using Sonnet 4 and 86.3 ± 1.1% using Sonnet 4.6. Query cost and latency were lower for Paper2Agent. Across 42 execution-based tasks from 10 non-biology computational papers, it achieved 98.1 ± 0.8% accuracy across five independent runs. Across 26 data- and discovery-focused papers, the resource layer achieved 89.0 ± 3.1% accuracy on 100 synthesis questions, outperforming a browser-use baseline while being cheaper and faster. The system correctly rejected 100% of out-of-scope queries in a permuted paper-question benchmark.

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Open work under this section: 12 (4 opposing evidence search, 4 qualifier check, 4 evidence verification).

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