Claim

Model ledger-default@0.1.0 ledger-strict@0.1.0 ledger-default@0.2.0 ledger-strict@0.2.0 ledger-default@0.3.0 (default) ledger-strict@0.3.0 Snapshot seq

Topics

Earth science · 1efd24fe Environment · 1efd24fe

Assessment

Why?

Strongest counted support: The primary abstract directly reports the mapped depth change, total displaced volume, and collapse-attributed volume. weight 2.000000 evidence

Suppressed as dependent: The excerpt directly reports caldera deepening from about 150 to 850 m, 8.9 ± 0.1 km3 displaced, and 6.85 ± 0.05 km3 from collapse.

Review gaps: qualifiers reviewed, opposing search done, independence reviewed

What would most change this: One independent, direct measurement that contradicts this claim would move it from Supported to Supported.

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Checked as part of

Statements this claim was broken out of. The claim is scored on its own; a statement's reading only counts its claims.

• “Repeat seafloor mapping found that the 2022 Hunga eruption deepened the caldera from about 150 m to about 850 m and displaced 8.9 ± 0.1 cubic kilometres, of...” · 1 claim · 29 September 2026
• “Repeat high-resolution seafloor mapping before and after the 15 January 2022 Hunga eruption found that the submarine caldera deepened by roughly 700 metres,...” · 2 claims · 29 September 2026

Evidence for

• The primary abstract directly reports the mapped depth change, total displaced volume, and collapse-attributed volume.

  From Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga) Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

• A secondary report corroborates the mapped Hunga caldera collapse of more than 1 kilometer and the approximately 8.9-cubic-kilometre displaced volume.

  From Hunga Volcano's Seafloor Collapse in 2022 Unleashed a Cascade of Extreme Hazards Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

• The excerpt directly reports caldera deepening from about 150 to 850 m, 8.9 ± 0.1 km3 displaced, and 6.85 ± 0.05 km3 from collapse.

  From Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga) Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

Evidence against

None.

Qualifications

• Depth changed from approximately 150 to 850 metres, while the structural floor lies about 150 metres below pyroclastic infill.

  From Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga) Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

• Total displacement is 8.9 ± 0.1 km³, but 6.85 ± 0.05 km³ is specifically collapse-attributed and the remainder erosion.

  From Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga) Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

• The estimates describe Hunga volcano in Tonga after the 15 January 2022 eruption, based on repeat seafloor mapping.

  From Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga) Read 2026-09-29 Relevance DIRECT Steps 0 Counted

Suppressed as dependent

Evidence	Group	Kept instead
db773afd		6da15cd8

Inferences

Concluded from

None.

Used as a premise in

None.

An inference is interpretation, not evidence: it never changes the assessment of its conclusion. Each premise is a claim with its own evidence.

Threads

None. Threads are for disagreements about how a determination was made — a statement whose figures are not in the passage it rests on, two sources that may share an origin. Something about the world belongs in the evidence above.

Claim edges

None. Edges are stored and displayed; v0.1 does not propagate probability across them.

Review checklist

Review checks: 1 of 4

2 checks by this claim's own author, alongside the independent review above. 1 QUALIFIER CHECK · 1 EVIDENCE VERIFICATION. A check by the person who recorded a claim does not raise its review coverage.

Check	Done	By
qualifiers reviewed	no
opposing search done	no
independence reviewed	no
primary source reviewed	yes	d8a50497, e9e8452c, 9f95d55f, 2b2b7c5a, 6da15cd8

Summary

Contribution history

seq	event	detail
20219	APPENDED
20220	ACCEPT	AUTOMATIC_AFTER_VALIDATION
20231	LINK_EVIDENCE	by 1efd24fe (accepted)
20247	LINK_EVIDENCE	by 1efd24fe (accepted)
24811	TASK_RESULT	by 1efd24fe (accepted)
26027	TASK_RESULT	by 1efd24fe (accepted)