Climate, energy, and wildlife.
As of snapshot 27745 under ledger-default@0.3.0. Counts by assessment state, descriptive only: no topic is scored.
2 Insufficient evidence10 Leans supported1 Not assessed87 Supported
| Claim | Type | Assessment |
|---|
| In the Mississippi River Basin, agricultural liming acted as a net carbon sink over the past century relative to the study’s anthropogenic-acidity counterfactual. | CAUSAL | Leans supported |
| Across four widespread permafrost soil types over 389 days, realistic active-layer inocula increased CO2 or N2O production less than a diverse multifunctional microbial community and did so inconsistently. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| Among countries larger than 50,000 km² in the study, Germany had the highest precipitation-gauge density at 22.4 gauges per 1,000 km². | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Among continents in the study, Europe had the highest precipitation-gauge density at 2.4 gauges per 1,000 km². | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Under the study’s SSP5-8.5 scenario, 171 countries were identified as urgently needing new precipitation gauges. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Under the study’s 2025–2100 SSP5-8.5 scenario combining projected precipitation and socioeconomic conditions, 32.1% of global land was classified as high priority for new gauges, versus 17.7% under SSP1-2.6. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Using historical precipitation information from 1900–2022, the study classified approximately 25% of global land as high priority for siting new gauges. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Only 13.4% of global land met the study’s WMO-recommended precipitation-gauge density during 1900–2022, falling to 1.9% when long-term-record stations alone were considered. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study compiled 221,483 accessible precipitation gauges with observations from 1900–2022, of which 139,901 (63.2%) remained active within the past 30 years. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study’s scenario estimates that 2.66 million hectares of wetlands would need restoration by 2030 across the EEA38. | QUANTITATIVE | Leans supported |
| Under 2018 conditions, land-use disturbance corresponds to a potential European wetland soil-carbon storage difference of 0.8–4.9 Gt CO2-equivalent, not an annual emissions rate. | QUANTITATIVE | Leans supported |
| The study estimates that anthropogenic disturbance affects 20.4 ± 3.4% of Europe’s wetland area, with 13.6 ± 3.0% classified as most disturbed. | QUANTITATIVE | Leans supported |
| In the study’s 2018 European map, an estimated 27–33% of wetland area occurred in map-defined patches smaller than 25 hectares and 7–11% in patches smaller than 1 hectare. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study mapped six natural and seminatural open wetland types across large parts of Europe at 10-m resolution, estimating 413,504 ± 17,782 km2 with overall accuracy of 96.6 ± 0.3%. | QUANTITATIVE | Leans supported |
| The northern New Mexico thinning-and-prescribed-burning treatments had less impact on beetle communities than clear-cutting or high-severity wildfire, according to the study. | COMPARATIVE | Leans supported |
| The northern New Mexico restoration treatments were associated with 21 common beetle species increasing and 35 declining in the post-treatment sub-canopy environment. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In a six-year northern New Mexico mixed-conifer case study, thinning followed by prescribed broadcast burning significantly changed surface-active beetle community composition. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| The study found outbreak risks were typically highest in mosaic landscapes where people and livestock coexist alongside forests and fragmented ecosystems, especially for several vector-borne diseases. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| The study consolidated 58,319 outbreak-event records covering 32 emerging infectious diseases to test social and environmental drivers of outbreak geography. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In the study, water-derived hydroxyl-radical formation was identified as the rate-determining step in polyethylene oxidation, with a kH/kD isotope effect of 7. | CAUSAL | Supported |
| The study achieved complete polyethylene conversion with nearly 69% selectivity to short-chain diacids and demonstrated scaling up to 300 g for mixed commercial plastics. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study reported a catalyst-free microdroplet-interface strategy using in situ hydroxyl radicals to oxidatively cleave diverse waste plastics into carboxylic acids under mild conditions. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| In the study, fractal dimension 2.41 and height range 7.96 cm produced oyster densities 35% higher than the maximum-dimension, 12-cm-height configuration. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study found that oyster settlement and survival were greatest at particular combinations of reef fractal dimension and height that minimized predation. | CAUSAL | Supported |
| The study deployed 480 artificial oyster-habitat replicates spanning 16 geometries across three estuaries, with half caged against predation. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In the study's analysis, bear conflict is further amplified when an alternative food source fails in the same period as mast production. | CAUSAL | Leans supported |
| In the five-Tohoku-prefecture dataset, bear conflict rises sharply when mast production falls below a threshold. | CAUSAL | Leans supported |
| The reported associations between ancient Maya features and modern forest structure were strongest at spatial scales of approximately 100 to 300 metres, and their wider geographic extent remains untested. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In the studied old-growth forest of northern Belize, ancient Maya wetland fields, settlements, and upland walls were each associated with distinct modern forest-structure metrics. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| The reported Li||S2Cl2 chemistry increased average operating voltage from 2.05 to 2.54 V, raised sulfur-specific capacity by 58%, and exceeded 1,700 Wh kg−1 electrode-level specific energy while cycling over 100 cycles. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| A free-chloride-rich ionic liquid electrolyte enables reversible Li||S2Cl2 battery chemistry that converts Li2S to S2Cl2 through a three-electron sulfur redox process. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| The study analyzed microbial genomes reconstructed from 820 reef-building coral samples collected at 99 Pacific reefs across 32 islands. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Across the past two decades, vegetation productivity overcompensation after late-spring frost intensified as warming reduced frost-related losses and increased regrowth. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| In manipulative grassland frost experiments, warmer temperatures and higher species diversity strengthened vegetation's post-frost compensatory responses. | CAUSAL | Leans supported |
| In the study population, most Gasterosteus nipponicus genomic material was purged within ten generations after the tsunami. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study reported early purging of Gasterosteus nipponicus alleles at reproductive-isolation loci, followed by broader genome-wide purging except at several loci. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| The study used nine years of genomic monitoring to examine a tsunami-induced hybrid stickleback population and its post-hybridization allele changes. | HISTORICAL | Supported |
| In the Nature Plants study's Northern Hemisphere datasets and experiments, post-frost vegetation recovery exceeded the loss and annual productivity exceeded the non-frost baseline in 21.5–41.0% of late-spring frost events. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| At 80 bar, the study measured CU-6 gravimetric methane uptakes of up to 0.67 g g−1 at 273 K and 0.53 g g−1 at 298 K for CU-6-Fe. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| At 100 bar and 77 K, the study measured total hydrogen uptakes of 17.5 wt% for CU-6-Fe and 15.9 wt% for CU-6-Cr, with volumetric uptakes near 45.4–45.5 g l−1. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study reported CU-6-Fe and CU-6-Cr with an interconnected hierarchical pore system and BET surface areas up to 7,145 m2 g−1. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Under an intermediate future-warming scenario, the study projected that cloud-condensation-nuclei concentrations associated with new-particle-formation activity could increase by 3–16% in the High Arctic but decline by 15–31% in the Maritime Arctic by 2090–2100. | FORECAST | Not assessed |
| A harmonized Arctic aerosol analysis using observations spanning 2003–2024 identified three regimes with contrasting contributions of new particle formation to cloud condensation nuclei populations: the High Arctic, Maritime Arctic and Continental Arctic. | OBSERVATIONAL | Insufficient evidence |
| The Hindu Kush Heremites lineage was estimated to have split from related western clades in the Late Miocene approximately 10 million years ago and is currently known from two southern-Hindu-Kush foothill localities. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Mitochondrial, nuclear, phylogenetic, and morphological evidence supported recognizing the Hindu Kush lineage of Heremites as a distinct new species. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| GenFocal is an AI framework that generates fine-scale weather from coarse climate projections without requiring temporally paired simulated and observed events during training, and it synthesizes long-lived hazards such as heatwaves and tropical cyclones. | OBSERVATIONAL | Insufficient evidence |
| The study reported global geographical aggregation and ongoing positive selection of TaNPF7.6-A1mod during wheat breeding. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| In the study, the TaNPF7.6-A1mod wheat allele had higher transcription and nitrate-transport activity than TaNPF7.6-A1lan and was associated with greater nitrogen-use efficiency. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| The study’s combined revisions reduced its expected 2025 social cost of CO2 from US$204 to US$179 per ton. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study’s updated agricultural damage function reduced estimated agricultural damages from US$95 to US$29 per ton of CO2. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study estimated 2025 heat-related labor-productivity damages at US$41 per ton of CO2, with a 90% confidence interval of US$1–108. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The rapid syn-eruptive submarine caldera collapse at Hunga enhanced tsunami hazards, with tsunami wave heights reaching about 40 m at distances up to 100 km and associated volcaniclastic density currents damaging seafloor infrastructure. | CAUSAL | Supported |
| Repeat seafloor mapping found that the 2022 Hunga eruption deepened the caldera from about 150 m to about 850 m and displaced 8.9 ± 0.1 cubic kilometres, of which 6.85 ± 0.05 cubic kilometres was attributed to caldera collapse. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In the study, gradual acidification produced weaker phenotypic and genomic shifts that aligned more closely with natural ocean conditions. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| In the study, abrupt acidification produced diatom growth and carbon-fixation responses up to 15% larger than under gradual acidification. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study compared abrupt and gradual CO2 increases from 440 to 1000 ppm across 1100 generations of the marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| A global mitogenome framework reconstructed about 20,000 mitochondrial metagenome-assembled genomes from 3,400 metagenomes spanning 362 lakes on seven continents, enabling species-resolved freshwater microeukaryote inventories. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Hurricane Helene produced a short-term spike in microplastic deposition at three Western North Carolina sites, accounting for 18.8%, 4.2%, and 4.6% of annual deposition at the sites. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study’s climate-space analysis found that the regional tree flora was progressively filtered toward colder and drier conditions, alongside losses of heat-tolerant lineages. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| In the study’s fossil synthesis, Western and Central European tree-genus richness declined 75% from its Miocene peak to the Holocene. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study compiled 711 fossil occurrences representing tree genera from Western and Central Europe across the Cenozoic. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In a seven-year biomonitoring study of 1,003 Barred Owls in northwestern California, second-generation anticoagulant exposure among young owls fell from about 50% in 2019 to about 20% in 2024, while vitamin D3 rodenticide was detected in 18.5% overall and all rodenticides in up to 46%. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study estimated the PM2.5-productivity relationship using an instrumental-variable design combining air-quality data with bibliographic publication data. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| In the study’s analyses, higher PM2.5 pollution was associated with reduced academic working hours, increased hospital visits and fewer scholarly collaborations. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| In the study’s China-wide estimate, a 1% increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with approximately 1,053 fewer academic publications nationwide. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| A 98-day river alkalinity-enhancement trial in Norway reported 250 ± 30 tonnes CO2-equivalent of gross carbon dioxide removal after adding 1,480 tonnes of calcite, with no significant increase in most measured adverse water-quality indicators apart from phosphate. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In a 39-day North Sea mesocosm experiment, phytoplankton bloom dynamics were largely unaffected by alkalinity additions up to about 700 micromoles per kilogram, whereas additions of at least about 900 delayed bloom development by 6 to 9 days and reduced some particulate organic matter components. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In an 11.5-hectare, four-year Welsh reforestation field trial, crushed silicate rock increased aboveground carbon stocks by 27% in broadleaf stands but not significantly in spruce, while soil inoculation effects varied by tree species and diminished over time. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| For agricultural lime added since 1900 in the Mississippi River Basin, approximately 90% of its ideal CO2-removal potential—about 0.44 GtCO2—was estimated to have been realized at catchment scale, with a decadal-scale lag. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Gap soils had more densely connected but topologically simplified microbial co-occurrence networks with fewer keystone taxa, and predicted functional potential was associated with both keystone structure and whole-community structure rather than keystone structure alone. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| Soil bacterial temporal turnover and seasonal community divergence were greater in forest gaps than in adjacent closed-canopy soils in a subtropical karst forest. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| Within marine ecosystems, species asynchrony was the strongest predictor of fish-mediated nutrient-dynamics stability, with higher synchrony associated with destabilization. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| Across coral reef, mangrove, seagrass, and kelp ecosystems, fish species richness positively predicted the temporal stability of consumer-mediated nutrient dynamics measured as nitrogen supply via excretion. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| Under the reported optimized photochemical conditions, the iron complex produced ammonium in 85% yield, and the study reported a maximum turnover number of 10,000 for the catalyst variant ICF3-OTf, with a scaled experiment at 0.001 mol% catalyst giving a turnover number of 5,000. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Under the reported thermal catalytic conditions, the iron complex converted nitrate to nitric oxide with a measured 68% yield in the trapping experiment. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In the study, appending aniline hydrogen-bond donors to a zinc tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine complex increased first-event nitrate binding affinity from 0.18 ± 0.04 M−1 to (1.5 ± 0.6) × 10^6 M−1, a difference of about seven orders of magnitude. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Replacing zinc with iron in the hydrogen-bonded ligand system enabled catalytic nitrate reduction under thermal and photochemical conditions, producing nitric oxide thermally and ammonia photochemically with high turnover numbers. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| Across 357 Minnesota lakes, zebra mussel establishment was associated with increased mercury in harvestable-sized fish of four of six species, with species-specific increases of 6% to 21% and higher threshold exceedance risk in some fish. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The Nature Geoscience analysis estimated that rain-induced dilution accounts for about two-thirds of the additional ocean CO2 uptake caused by rain, through freshening-induced carbonate-system repartitioning. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In the study, trees exposed to long-term experimental drought had approximately 26.5% smaller crown area per unit stem diameter than untreated controls. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| After the 2023 El Niño drought, trees exposed to long-term experimental drought recovered transpiration to pre-drought levels after 143 days, while untreated control trees reached 77.5% of pre-drought levels during the observation period. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In the study’s 2023 El Niño drought comparison, trees exposed to long-term experimental drought reduced transpiration by 25%, while untreated control trees declined by up to 54% relative to pre-drought levels. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Century-scale records and reactive-transport modelling indicate that agricultural liming acted as a net carbon sink in the Mississippi River Basin over the past century, after an initial emissions pulse and with a decadal lag. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study demonstrated a monolithic perovskite–silicon tandem solar cell with certified power-conversion efficiency of 33.0%. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Ambient-air, blade-coated perovskite solar cells in the study reached 26.5% certified power-conversion efficiency, while modules reached 23.2% and cells retained 99.8% of initial efficiency after 1,200 hours of light soaking. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study estimated that current global carbon-budget calculations may underestimate the ocean carbon sink by 10 ± 5% because they omit rain effects. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| A global analysis estimated that rain-induced effects increase ocean carbon uptake by 13.6% relative to a wind-only calculation. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The moss carder bumblebee showed a 2.86-fold increase in runs of homozygosity in England and Wales over the museum-sampled period, where habitat fragmentation was most pronounced. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| Whole-genome data from 101 museum specimens indicate an approximately 24.6% reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity in the moss carder bumblebee across Britain between 1894 and 2019. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The global subduction-zone analysis found a strong positive relationship between geodetically constrained interface coupling and earthquake magnitude. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| Across 15 globally analyzed subduction zones, interface roughness parameters measured at 1–10 km scales were unrelated to a proxy for maximum earthquake magnitude and to geodetically constrained interface coupling. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| The global synthesis found that crop diversification indirectly promotes crop production through suppression of pests. | CAUSAL | Leans supported |
| A global synthesis of 609 studies found that increasing plant species consistently promotes plant performance and suppresses antagonist performance across agro-ecosystems, grasslands and forests. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| The study defines void suppression capability as the product of lithium full-stripping areal capacity and applied current density, and phase-field modelling predicts dendrite growth and cell failure when stripped capacity exceeds 70% of full depletion capacity. | CAUSAL | Supported |
| In an all-solid-state lithium-anode study, Mg–1 wt% La inoculation increased critical current density/capacity from 1.2 mA cm−2/0.6 mAh cm−2 for LiMg to 2.2 mA cm−2/1.1 mAh cm−2 for LiMgLa, which sustained stable plating/stripping for over 1,200 hours at 0.7 mA cm−2 at room temperature. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| A boreal-forest analysis found that climate-driven phenological instability produced asymmetric surface-temperature responses: per-unit leaf-area loss warmed more than equivalent leaf-area gain cooled, with median warming roughly 2.0–2.3 times stronger in spring and autumn and about an order of magnitude stronger in winter; summer responses were not directionally robust. | QUANTITATIVE | Supported |
| In the first few generations after tsunami-induced hybridization, Gasterosteus nipponicus alleles were purged at major loci associated with reproductive isolation, including ancestral-X and neo-X chromosomes. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| Nine-year genomic monitoring of a tsunami-induced hybrid stickleback population in Japan found rapid genome-wide purging within a few generations, with marine Gasterosteus nipponicus alleles subsequently purged across the genome except at several loci. | OBSERVATIONAL | Supported |
| Colonists absent at the start of a time series compensated for losses within the rarest abundance category in the synthesis of population trends. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
| Across 4,748 sites in 129 studies, formerly common species showed consistently stronger population declines than formerly rare species in marine and terrestrial assemblages, while freshwater assemblages showed no clear directional pattern. | COMPARATIVE | Supported |
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